Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank

Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank

Ayed Salama, Osama Aljoaba

ayedg@Hebron.edu

Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Agriculture. Hebron University. Hebron. Palestine

Received : 09-05-2007 , Accepted : 28-02-2008

Language: English

Abstract

The influence of excluding grazing on range vegetation attributes was studied at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank. Vegetation attributes were compared at a grazed plot and an ungrazed plot in the years 2004 and 2005. Results showed that plant density in the excluding grazing area was (518.9 Plants m-2) higher (p <0.05)>

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The New Patterns of the Israeli Road Measures and their Impact on the Palestinian Transport Sector

The New Patterns of the Israeli Road Measures and their Impact on the Palestinian Transport Sector

Khaled Al-Sahili

alsahili@yahoo.com

Received : 26-11-2006 , Accepted : 29-05-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The Israeli authorities imposed several measures and restrictions on movement of people and goods within the Palestinian road network since the eruption of the Palestinian uprising in September 2000. This study aims to analyze these patterns and their impact on the transportation sector in the West Bank, to provide scientific documentation of these measures, and to assist the Palestinian decision makers. The severity and number of these measures fluctuated from time to time and from location to another. There was a decline in the number of certain measures (earth mounds/walls and trenches) and an increase in road blocks and gates. These measures targeted particular locations in the West Bank, and aimed at dividing it into geographical zones; north, middle, and south, in addition to the Jordan Valley. The imposed road measures had a severe impact on the transportation sector in terms of cost, time, distance, quality of service, physical damages to the road network, and the condition of road pavement. The study concluded that the Israeli authorities institutionalized these measures at the cost of the Palestinian lands and the suffering of the Palestinian travelers. This has lead to a decline in the Palestinian economic competitiveness. The study recommends conducting a comprehensive study at the Palestinian official level about the patterns and institutionalization of these measures, so as to document these measures and impacts and to take the necessary countermeasures, as much as possible.

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Simplified M-E Approach for the Design of Flexible Pavement Structures

Simplified M-E Approach for the Design of Flexible Pavement Structures

Osama Abaza

almabaza@hotmail.com

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 13-05-2006 , Accepted : 04-04-2007

Language: English

Abstract

This paper presents a simplified design procedure, which depends mainly on finite elements analysis considering the same input variables used in the traditional AASHTO empirical design methodology. The multiple regression equation developed considered the subgrade resilient modulus (Mr), Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) repetitions, and the dynamic behavior of flexible pavements by incorporating vehicle speed. The outputs of this model are given in terms of structural number (SN) making it easier for the designer to deal with the various pavement thickness as per the traditional AASHTO procedure. Based on the model developed for static loading, SN values were approximately -6 to 7 percent compared to those of AASHTO design methodology depending on number of 18 kips single axle load repetitions. In the analysis of the dynamic behavior of pavements, SN dropped up to 30 percent for the practical design speeds that could be considered for pavement design purposes.

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Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine

Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine

Hafez Shaheen, Riyad Abdel Karim

shaheen@najah.edu

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 23-10-2004 , Accepted : 29-05-2007

Language: English

Abstract

Different treatment technologies are reported to have been applied for treating olive-mills wastewater (OMW). Among these are the anaerobic combined with aerobic, forced evaporation, chemical, and biological treatment methods. The reuse of the solid residue of olive-mills is reported, among others, as burning material or as filtering media. This paper evaluates the treatment options of the OMW generated in Palestine. It elaborates on the different treatment and management alternatives and examines their effectiveness. A sample of 20 Mills has been surveyed in the Nablus-Tulkarem region and their wastewater quantities and characteristics are presented. Centralized treatment and disposal plants for OMW are recommended as a practical option for Palestine. Oil-extraction process modifications in combination with forced evaporation are recommended as the most appropriate management and treatment option.

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Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network

Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network

Osama Abaza*, Lana Shahein**

almabaza@hotmail.com

* Civil Engineering Department, An-Najah National University. **Engineer. Nablus, Palestine

Received : 20-03-2006 , Accepted : 04-04-2007

Language: English

Abstract

The measurement and prediction of pavement performance condition is an essential component of any pavement management system. In this paper, performance evaluation method for Palestinian roadways was developed. Estimation of the flexible pavement performance life for maintenance and rehabilitation was presented. Data for model development was collected based on the pavement evaluation methods issued by the World Bank for developing countries. The performance model developed in this paper was based on evaluation of various deterministic and probabilistic models using surveyed data for arterials and village access roads in Palestine. The pavement performance models were developed based on calibration of surveyed pavement condition rating index using logistic growth model, and applying regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the logistic growth model performed well in fitting the calibrated data for the different roadways considered in this study and the Markov model fitted well for the overlaid arterials. The reconstructed arterial roadway system had longer average performance life than the overlaid arterials. Village access roadway system showed the same behavior.

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On the Size of Blocking Sets in ?+(12,q)

On the Size of Blocking Sets in ?+(12,q)

Abdelsalam Abou Zayda

zayda8@hotmail.com

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, Palestine.

Received : 07-03-2006 , Accepted : 28-01-2007

Language: English

Abstract

Considering half-spin geometry of type D6,6(F), we investigate the size of substructures of the geometry called blocking sets. We give an upper bound on size of blocking sets.

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Effect of Scarification, Gibberellic acid and Stratification on Seed Germination of Three Pistacia Species

Effect of Scarification, Gibberellic acid and Stratification on Seed Germination of Three Pistacia Species

Hassan Abu-Qaoud

hassan@najah.edu

Department of Plant Production & Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 28-01-2007 , Accepted : 11-09-2005

Language: English

Abstract

Germinability of P. atlantica Desf., P. palaestina (Bioss) Post. and P. lentiscus L. seeds as influenced by various treatments was investigated. This included four treatments: Acid scarification for 15 minutes, soaking of acid scarified seeds in 1000 ppm GA3 for 24 hours, stratification of seeds at 5Co for 30 days and control (untreated seeds). Significantly, the highest germination (60%) was obtained for P. palaestina acid scarified plus cold stratified seeds over the control of the three Pistacia species (15, 10, 0%), this percentage (60) was on the same level of significance with the other Pistacia species. Scarifies seeds of P. lentiscus resulted in 13.3% germination, scarified plus GA3 soak of P. lentiscus and P. atlantica Desf. (34, 39.9%), and scarified plus cold stratified P. lentiscus (32%) seeds. Early seed germination was obtained with seeds of P. lentiscus after one week of incubation with scarified plus GA3 (6%) and scarified seeds of P. palaestina (5%), other treated seeds of the three species started germination after two weeks. P. palaestina seeds continued with the highest germination percentage thereafter. Significantly, the longest mean time to complete germination (MTG) was obtained from the control of the three Pistacia species (27.94, 24.50, 30. 04), Scarified P. atlantica (25.84), and scarified plus GA3 soak of P. atlantica (26.25) as compared with the other treatments for the three Pistacia species which were all in the same level of significance.

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Modeling the Eocene Aquifer in Northern West Bank

Modeling the Eocene Aquifer in Northern West Bank

Hamees Tubeileh*, Hafez Shaheen*, Amjad Aliewi**‎

shaheen@najah.edu

‎*Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah ‎National University, Nablus, Palestine ‎**University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom‎

Received : 07-02-2004 , Accepted : 23-05-2006

Language: English

Abstract

The Eocene aquifer is one of the major groundwater aquifers in Palestine. It is located in the northeastern part of the West Bank covering areas of both Jenin and Nablus districts. The development of the groundwater within the Eocene aquifer is very essential for the Palestinian water supply. This paper simulates for groundwater flow in the Eocene aquifer using MODFLOW as a strong available groundwater model. The groundwater budget, flow computation, and flow path-lines were estimated and calibrated. Groundwater balance has been evaluated. The Modeling results show that a minimum initial level of 340 m above sea level should be applied to model the hydraulics of the aquifer correctly. The recharge and hydraulic conductivity are the most sensitive model parameters. The hydraulic conductivity in some areas has proved to be double than assumed by other literatures. More reasonable recharge coefficients in comparison to other literatures have been obtained. Groundwater balance indicated that the water budget of the Eocene aquifer totals about 72 MCM/yr. The modeling has indicated reasonable matching between the observed and modeled groundwater levels and spring flows. The flow direction within the aquifer is from the south to north and northeast. The Faria spring system located to the southeast is the major sink within the aquifer. It attracts most of the particle tracking lines due to its high discharge rates. It is recommended to monitor the existing wells and springs permanently. It is also recommended to asses the effect of the faults and fractures on the hydraulic conductivity.

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Effect of Wind Speed and Air Temperature on the Durability of ‎PCC Surfaces

Effect of Wind Speed and Air Temperature on the Durability of ‎PCC Surfaces

Osama Abaza

almabaza@hotmail.com

Department‏ ‏of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah ‎National University, Nablus-Palestine

Received : 14-01-2006 , Accepted : 14-11-2006

Language: English

Abstract

Durability of Portland Cement concrete (PCC) surfaces is affected by several factors that should be considered in the design and construction of concrete surfaces. Proper curing of fresh concrete surfaces plays a major role in increasing the abrasion resistance and in turns the durability of hardened concrete surface. Factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed will also affect the degree of evaporation of surface moisture, which directly affect the curing condition. In this research, the effects of wind speed and ambient temperature on abrasion resistance of Portland Cement concrete surfaces were analyzed based on ASTM C944. Based on the obtained results, the durability of fresh PCC surfaces is significantly affected by wind speed in excess of 60 kph during the setting-time of concrete. Also abrasion resistance is significantly affected by ambient air temperature in excess of 35 °C. In addition, the effect of ambient temperature and wind speed on the durability of PCC is inversely proportional within concrete surface.

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An Educational Processor: A Design Approach ‎

An Educational Processor: A Design Approach ‎

Raed Alqadi, Luai Malhis‎

alqadi@najah.edu

Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah ‎National University, Nablus, Palestine‎

Received : 05-01-2005 , Accepted : 07-03-2006

Language: English

Abstract

In this paper, we present an educational processor developed at An-Najah National University. This processor has been designed to be a powerful supplement for computer architecture and organization courses offered at the university. The project is intended to develop an easily applicable methodology by which students get a valuable experience in designing and implementing complete processor with simple readily available off-the-shelf components. The proposed methodology is beneficial to computer engineering students enrolled at universities, specially in developing countries, where advanced laboratory equipments are rarely available. The design philosophy is to build a general-purpose processor using simple and wide spread integrated circuits. This methodology includes: defining an instruction set, datapath layout, ALU implementation, memory interface, controller design and implementation. For testing and evaluation purposes, a debugging tool is also built and implemented to serially connect the processor to a personal computer. In this paper, we present the methods and components used in the design and implementation phases and the tools developed to complete the design process. This methodology has shown that students enrolled in the computer architecture course get the full experience in processor design without the need for advanced laboratory equipments. The components used are cost efficient and methods proposed allow students to work at home, hence, this methodology has proven to be cost effective and yet very educational.

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Brugia malayi: Depletion of Glutathione by Buthionine Sulfoximine

Brugia malayi: Depletion of Glutathione by Buthionine Sulfoximine

Ayman Hussein

ashussein@najah.edu

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences. Faculty of Science. An-Najah National University. Nablus. Palestine

Received : 31-08-2004 , Accepted : 28-08-2005

Language: English

Abstract

Glutathione is an intracellular reducing agent. It is synthesized by a two step reaction catalyzed by ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase (?GCS) and glutathione synthetase. ?GCS, which is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, is inhibited specifically by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). The enzyme was partially purified from the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi, the causative agents of lymphatic filaraiasis. BSO inhibits the enzyme activity in an irreversible manner. The Brugia enzyme was found to be 24-fold more sensitive to BSO than its mammalian counterparts. The inhibitor was also found effective in depleting the glutathione contents of the parasites with low concentration. The results may conclude that ?GCS is a potential target for the development of drugs against filariasis.

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H+ - O+‎ Coulomb Collision Frequency in the Polar Wind Plasma

H+ - O+‎ Coulomb Collision Frequency in the Polar Wind Plasma

Imad Barghouthi*, Mazen Abu Issa*, Mahmoud Abu Samra*, ‎

barghouthi@yahoo.com

‎*Department of Physics, **Department of Mathematics, ‎ Faculty of Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.‎

Received : 11-03-2003 , Accepted : 09-12-2003

Language: English

Abstract

The polar wind is an ambipolar plasma outflow from the terrestrial ionosphere at high latitudes. As the ions drift upward along geomagnetic flux tubes, they move from collision-dominated to collisionless regions. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the temperature and Coulomb collision frequency in the polar wind. The simulation properly accounted for the divergence of geomagnetic field lines, the gravitational force, the polarization electric field, and Coulomb collisions. The temperature was found to increase with altitude and then decreases due to the interplay between frictional heating due to Coulomb collisions and adiabatic cooling (due to diverging geomagnetic field). The Coulomb collision frequency was found to decrease with altitude. As altitude increases, the ions are accelerated by the upward directed ambipolar electric field and become less coupled with the background ions. One of the objectives is to study the consequences of a velocity distribution function with an enhanced high energy tail for the injected ions. As the number of high energy ions increases in the tail of the velocity distribution at the injection point (i.e. kappa parameter decreases), the temperature increases and decreases.

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Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal ‎of a Complex Banach Algebra

Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal ‎of a Complex Banach Algebra

As'ad Y. As'ad

aasad@mail.iugaza.edu

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, ‎Gaza, Palestine.‎

Received : 03-05-2003 , Accepted : 31-08-2004

Language: English

Abstract

In this paper we show that, for an ideal J of a unital complex Banach algebra A, we have (i) under certain conditions the ? -quasi centralizer, the quasi centralizer, and the centralizer of J are all identical, and so they are subsets of the ? -quasi centralizer of J. (ii) If J is closed and a is a quasi centralizer element of J, then DaJ, a restriction of the inner derivation of a to J is topologically nilpotent. (iii) For each complex number ? and each x in J we have, (? – a) x = 0 if and only if x (? – a) = 0.

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Direct Regeneration in Cyclamen Persicum Mill. Using ‎Seedling Tissues

Direct Regeneration in Cyclamen Persicum Mill. Using ‎Seedling Tissues

Hassan Abu-Qaoud

hassan@najah.edu

Department of Plant Production & Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, An-‎Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. ‎

Received : 27-04-2003 , Accepted : 23-05-2004

Language: English

Abstract

In Vitro shoot regeneration and microtuberization of Cyclamen persicum Mill. were studied using seedling tissues. Tuber, leaf and petiole sections of aseptic seedlings of cultivar ‘Concerto’ were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Three levels of benzyladenine (BA) (4.4, 8.8, 13.3 µM) and four levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5, 1, 2, 4 µM) were used with the three different explants. All regeneration media were supplied with 5.4 µM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). No shoot regeneration was observed in media without cytokinins. The greatest percent shoot regeneration (100 %) was obtained from tuber sections cultured on media supplemented with 4.4 µM BA and 4 µM TDZ. No regeneration was obtained with petiole sections. Microtubers were formed with leaf explant. The higher microtuberization response was obtained with leaf explants cultured on media supplemented with 2 and 4 µM TDZ (41.6 and 58.3, respectively). Tuberous structures (microtubers) were able to sprout and leaves continued to grow on these structures. After an acclimatization period, the plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse and continued their growth normally.

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Geochemical Classification of Soils in the Northern Part of the West Bank

Geochemical Classification of Soils in the Northern Part of the West Bank

Mohammad Abu Safat

abusafat52@yahoo.com

Received : 22-10-2001 , Accepted : 09-12-2002

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study has focused on the classification of soils in the northern part of the West Bank. The classification depended on soil content of Clay, Corg, Cation Exchange Capacity of (Na, Ca, Mg), heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu), Carbonates and pH. The soil samples were collected from the areas that allowed to generalizing their results on similar areas in terms of different features such as: geological, topographical, vegetation and land use. The German system of soil mapping was used to define the soil levels. The combined map showed that there were very good, good, middle, poor and very poor soils.

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Resource Significant Cost and Time Models for Building Projects

Resource Significant Cost and Time Models for Building Projects

Nabil Dmaidi

pa@najah.edu

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah National ‎University, Nablus, Palestine‎

Received : 03-07-2001 , Accepted : 14-10-2003

Language: English

Abstract

Cost and time models have been developed for road and bridge projects using resource significance analysis, which is in turn based on the 80/20 rule. The work packages in these models are designed to relate to site operations. They serve as the basis for measurement, estimating, planning, valuation and control in civil engineering projects. For defined categories of work, a standard set of work packages have been developed which consistently contribute about 90% of a project's resource costs and hours. The resource significant cost and time models for bridges and roads predict cost to an accuracy of 4% Cv and 3% Cv respectively. The resource hours for a project can be predicted to an accuracy of 6% Cv for bridges and 3% Cv for roads. The bridge model contains 26 work packages and the road model contains 22 work packages. Coarser models have also been developed for situations where the road or bridge is only part of an overall project, with only a small loss of accuracy.

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A Descriptive Study of Community Pharmacy Practice in Palestine: ‎Analysis and Future Look

A Descriptive Study of Community Pharmacy Practice in Palestine: ‎Analysis and Future Look

Nidal Jaradat, Waleed Sweileh

nidaljaradat@yahoo.com

College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine‎

Received : 19-01-2003 , Accepted : 25-05-2003

Language: English

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the community pharmacy practice in Palestine from a clinical and legal aspects. The study was conducted on a random sample of community pharmacies and carried out by pharmacy students of An-Najah University using a 15-item questionnaire. The working hours of community pharmacies is approximately 9 hours daily and the average working people in the pharmacy is 2.8. The average customer turnover is approximately 25.8. Medical representatives and manufacturer brochures are the primary source of drug information for 90% community pharmacists. Over the counter sale of many prescription medications is unregulated. Substitution of prescribed medications is common in 25% of community pharmacies. No official record of prescription is available. The Ministry of health, the Palestinian Pharmaceutical Association and the college of pharmacy at An-Najah University ought to take measures to improve the pharmacy practice and to provide continuing educational opportunities for community pharmacist in Palestine.

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Effect of “Polypharmacy” and “Frequency of Drug Dosing” on Rate of ‎Compliance among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients: A Survey Study ‎in Palestine

Effect of “Polypharmacy” and “Frequency of Drug Dosing” on Rate of ‎Compliance among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients: A Survey Study ‎in Palestine

Waleed Sweileh‏*‏‎, Ola Aker‎‏**‏‎, Saeed Hamooz‎‏**‏

waleedsweileh@yahoo.com

College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. ‎ ‎‏**‏Ministry of Health, Nablus, Palestine‎

Received : 18-09-2002 , Accepted : 25-05-2003

Language: English

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of polypharmacy and frequency of drug dosing on the rate of compliance among hypertensive and diabetic patients in the Palestinian community. The rate of compliance of 321 hypertensive and diabetic patients was assessed using graded questionnaire. The overall rate of compliance for the tested sample was 42.1%. Both, diabetic and hypertensive patients tend to have better compliance and less noncompliance when the number of medications is decreased. The best rate of compliance in both cases was obtained when patients have simple one drug regimen. Both, diabetic and hypertensive patients tend to have better compliance on once daily dosing (ODD) versus multiple daily dosing (MDD). However, diabetic but not hypertensive patients tend to have better compliance on once daily dosing versus twice daily dosing. These results indicate that although once daily dosing is associated with higher compliance but it is not always the best especially in treatment of hypertension as the treatment of some type of hypertension requirs more than one drug more daily doses, depends on the type of hypertension, as well as dirbetic melitiies. These results should encourage physicians in the hypertension and diabetes mellitus clinics of the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MOH) to minimize the number of prescribed medications to improve compliance, therapeutic outcome and to minimize cost.

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ٍShort Communication: Dethiation of ?-Methyl and ?-Phenylmercaptopropionic Acid Derivatives

ٍShort Communication: Dethiation of ?-Methyl and ?-Phenylmercaptopropionic Acid Derivatives

Mohammad Hannoun

Faculty of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 07-05-2001 , Accepted : 07-05-2002

Language: English

Abstract

Dethiation of ?-(3–benzoylphenyl)-?-methyl and ?-phenylmercaptopropi-onic acid (I & II) with Raney nickel is described

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The effects of shear rate and capillary length-to-diameter ratio on isothermal extrudate swell of polymer melts

The effects of shear rate and capillary length-to-diameter ratio on isothermal extrudate swell of polymer melts

Sharif Musameh*, S. Jodeh**

*Physics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.** Polymer Department General Motors Research and Development, Warren, Michigan 48090, U.S.A.

Received : 15-04-2000 , Accepted : 29-12-2001

Language: English

Abstract

The objective in this article is to establish useful composition-processing structure-property relationships for predicting the rheological properties of automotive type multi-component polymer liquids, and to determine the effects of shear rate and capillary length-to-diameter ratio on isothermal extrudate swell of polymer melts.

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ٍSubject Review: The Status of Horticulture Protection and Using Pesticides in Gaza Strip

ٍSubject Review: The Status of Horticulture Protection and Using Pesticides in Gaza Strip

Ahmad S. Saleh, Ismael Abdel Aziz

Received : 28-12-1998 , Accepted : 17-12-2002

Language: Arabic

Abstract

A field study has been conducted in Gaza governorates to evaluate status of plant protection and using pesticides by farmers. To achieve this goal a questionnaire of 31 questions has been prepared and answered by a randomly chosen sample of 48 farmers representing the agricultural density of each governorate. It covered the northern area, Gaza, middle region, Khanyunis and Rafah governorate. The study shows that most farmers who have been included in this questionnaire are characterized as having an educational level beyond the preparatory stage; they are either young or older more than 51 years. They also have crucial relationship with their farms. These farmers have not been given sufficient training on new techniques of plant protection and on the safe use of pesticides. In addition the study shows that many dangerous pests and weeds have attacked the fruit trees and also the agricultural extension agents play an essential role in extension and in direction of the farmer towards selecting the pesticides which will be used on crops, and most of farmers depends on chemical method in their attempt to control the plant diseases and pests, however few of them depend on alternative techniques. Although, they prefer other alternatives which are safer to the environment, the variations among farmers in terms of the quantity (dosage) used of pesticide. The study showed that farmers used high volume technique in spraying the pesticide, the farmers may spray the pests during three times a day (morning or noon or evening). They either use motorized Knapsack sprayer or tractor sprayer or, lever operated knapsack sprayer or manual sprayer motor. The farmers reuse the remaining spray solution to spray their crops without taking into consideration the quantity needed for each crop area. Although farmers get their pesticides from local market, they believe that such pesticides are dangerous, expensive, and ineffective. Furthermore, the study shows that some crops like, grapes, apples are considered among the most frequently sprayed crops with pesticides. It also shows that diseases, which affect these crops, constitute major economic losses for the farmers more than losses caused by insect and mites. The contrary previous crops caused in guava, almonds, olives, citrus, by insects and mites constitute a major economic caused for the farmers more than losses caused by plant diseases. The study showed also list of pesticides, which are used to control for each pests and diseases of different fruit trees.

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Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization for Potatoes in the West Bank-Palestine

Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization for Potatoes in the West Bank-Palestine

Numan Mizyed, Ibrahim Qutashat, Hassan Abu-Qaoud

Received : 30-09-2000 , Accepted : 11-06-2002

Language: Arabic

Abstract

A study was conducted in Tubas district in a field located in Wadi Al-Fara’. The area is under irrigation and rich with ground water (Fara’ basin). Potatoe crop was selected as it is one of the most important irrigated crops in the area. Spunta cultivar was used. Two experiments were conducted. The first was conducted to determine the most suitable type of nitrogen source, and the second experiment was conducted to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilization for potatoes. It was found that the type and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, added to potatoes plants, affected both crop quantity and quality. The vegetative dry weight was increased when nitrogen fertilizers were used. In addition, the use of both urea and ammonium sulfate increases potato yield. Mixing the organic acid fertilizer with ammonium sulfate or urea also increased the production insignificantly. It was found that increasing the amount of nitrogen increases the number of tubers, size, hardness and the density of the tuber. A quadratic significant relation was found between the yield and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. A maximum yield of potato under the experimental conditions was obtained with 35kg/dunum nitrogen rate as ammonium sulfate. Yield at this rate was 4016kg/dunum. Nitrate residue in the root zone at the end of the season has increased significantly when more than 20kg nitrogen/dunum was added. When organic acid fertilizer was mixed with ammonium sulfate, the nitrate was increased in the soil profile and the salt leaching was also minimized.

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The Role of Pitch Filter in Pulse-by-Pulse Reoptimization of the LP Synthesis Filter

The Role of Pitch Filter in Pulse-by-Pulse Reoptimization of the LP Synthesis Filter

Allam Mousa

Department of Electrical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 27-11-2000 , Accepted : 29-12-2001

Language: English

Abstract

Two iterative analysis algorithms were developed for the reoptimization of the LP synthesis filter based on a pulse-by-pulse reoptimization manner. In this study, the use of the pitch filter in the analysis algorithms is introduced. Similar to the no pitch case, improvement in the gain is achieved. On the other hand, this gain has dropped compared to the no pitch case. Moreover, the number of pulses needed to reoptimize the LP filter found to be much less than that, in the no pitch case.

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Composition Operators on Orlicz and Bochner Spaces

Composition Operators on Orlicz and Bochner Spaces

Mahmud Masri

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 16-09-2000 , Accepted : 07-05-2001

Language: English

Abstract

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Utilization of Olive Pulp in Broiler Rations

E. Rabayaa*, J. M. Abo Omar**R. A. Othman**

*Department of Poultry Production, Ministry of Agriculture, **Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 31-05-2000 , Accepted : 05-11-2001

Language: English

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the effects of different levels of olive pulp on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. A total of 160 day-old chicks were used in this research and were divided into five experimental groups with four replicates in each. Olive pulp was incorporated in four of the experimental groups at rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in both starter and finisher feeds to replace similar rates of yellow corn. Chicks were fed these diets during the entire feeding trial which lasted for 35 days. Weight gain of chicks was the same in chicks consuming up to 7.5% of olive pulp. However, weight gain of chicks fed the level of 10% olive pulp had the lowest significant (p

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Developing and Implementing an Integrated Pavement Monitoring and Management Approach for the Palestinian Territories

Developing and Implementing an Integrated Pavement Monitoring and Management Approach for the Palestinian Territories

Osama A. Abaza, Sameer A. Abu-Eisheh

Dept. of Civil Eng., Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah N. Univ., Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 06-11-2000 , Accepted : 01-09-2001

Language: English

Abstract

The provision of proper transportation services would play a basic role in future development plans for the Palestinian territories. The road network, which forms the backbone of the transportation system in the Palestinian territories, suffered seriously from the constraints imposed on its development by the Israeli authorities. Since the establishment of the Palestinian authority few years ago, limited budgets were allocated to maintain the road network in the Palestinian territories. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement a pavement monitoring and management system aiming at identifying the prevailing conditions of the pavement structures, assessing these conditions, and defining the proper corrective measures. The paper highlights the approach which was developed to assist Palestinian decision-makers to evaluate and define the measures to rehabilitate the damaged pavement structures of the road network in the Palestinian territories. First, the paper presents a general background related to road conditions in the Palestinian territories. This is followed by a presentation of the suggested methodology to develop an integrated tool to evaluate, maintain, and rehabilitate road pavements in the Palestinian territories. The paper presents a number of case studies performed for three different urban and rural locations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations, which include the need to apply the indicated approach as a first step to develop a comprehensive program for the establishment of a pavement management system for the Palestinian territories. Keywords: pavement evaluation, pavement maintenance, pavement rehabilitation, pavement monitoring and management

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On Multipliers of Orlicz Spaces

On Multipliers of Orlicz Spaces

Mahmud Masri

Mathematics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 09-10-2000 , Accepted : 07-05-2001

Language: English

Abstract

Let be a finite positive measure space, X a Banach space, a modulus function and a strongly measurable function. The Orlicz space is. The space of Bochner p-integrable functions, is.Also,. When X is a Banach algebra we show that the multipliers of is if for all a1 and b.Also, = if for all a,b in [0,which generalizes the special case X being the complex numbers C. When is also non-atomic we show that for all iff.

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Review of The Multiplier Algebra of Orlicz Spaces

Review of The Multiplier Algebra of Orlicz Spaces

Mahmoud Masri

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 05-07-2001 , Accepted : 10-09-2000

Language: English

Abstract

In this review of the paper of A. Hakawati, "The Multiplier Algebra of Orlicz Spaces" we point out a gap in the proof of the main result and suggest a proof of it. , We also point out some misprints.

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Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study on Ge28.33 In6 Se65.67 Glass

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study on Ge28.33 In6 Se65.67 Glass

Ghassan Saffarini

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 06-10-1997 , Accepted : 24-05-1999

Language: English

Abstract

The local environment of indium atoms in the chalcogenide glass with the stoichiometric composition Ge28. 33 In6 Se65 67 has been investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique. It is found that indium is only coordinated with selenium atoms with a value of three for its coordination number.

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Performance of Different Grape Cultivars for Rooting and Grafting

Performance of Different Grape Cultivars for Rooting and Grafting

Hassan Abu-Qaoud

Dept. of Plant Prod. & Prot., Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah Nat. Univ. Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 10-06-1998 , Accepted : 21-02-1999

Language: English

Abstract

Four local grape cultivars (Halawani, Beiruiti Zaini and Beituni) were bench grafted on four different grape rootstocks (B41, Paulsen, Rugerri and Richter). Two grafting methods were used: whip tongue and wedge grafting. The experiment was conducted for two successive seasons (1997 and 1998). All rootstock basis were treated with Indolebutyric- acid (IBA) at 8000 ppm in the form of powder. The results showed a great variability in the rooting ability of the different rootstocks with Paulsen rootstock which resulted in the higher rooting ability, while Rugerri and B41 resulted significantly in the lower rooting percentage in both seasons. The scion as well as the grafting method did not affect the rooting ability of the rootstocks. The rootstock scion combination showed high healing ability with a significant interaction between both graft partners. Rugerri and Richter resulted in the highest healing of grafts. The vegetative bud growth of the graft varied among the different scion cultivars but without any significant effect of grafting method or rootstocks in both seasons. Both Halawani and Beiruiti resulted in the higher vegetative growth during propagation.

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Calculation of Ground-State Energy for Linear HeH2++ through Fifth Order (United Atom Treatment)

Calculation of Ground-State Energy for Linear HeH2++ through Fifth Order (United Atom Treatment)

Mohammed Abu-Jafar

Department of Physics, An-Najah N University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 24-02-1998 , Accepted : 27-10-1998

Language: English

Abstract

In this paper, the nonrelativistic energies of the linear HeH2++ molecular ion have been computed using the multiperturbation theory for the ground state through fifth order. The results are very encouraging compared to the variational calculations.

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The Multiplier Algebra of Orlicz Spaces

The Multiplier Algebra of Orlicz Spaces

Abdallah Hakawati

Department of Mathematics, An-Najah N. University-Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 21-01-1998 , Accepted : 09-07-1998

Language: English

Abstract

In this paper we prove that if ? is a modulus function and if X = [0,1] is given the Lebesgue measure, then M(L?) = L?, if and only if lim x – 0 ?(x2)/ ?(x) < ?; L? being the Orlicz space L? (X); and M(L?) its multiplier algebra.

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Histological and Histochemical Changes in the Liver of Albino Rats Due to Methyl Alcohol Administration

Histological and Histochemical Changes in the Liver of Albino Rats Due to Methyl Alcohol Administration

Ismail Abdel Aziz

Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Gaza

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Histological and histochemical changes in the livers of 40 adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were studied at different intervals following methyl alcohol administration. The animates were divided into three groups. Methanol was administrated by oral a intubation in two doses (1m1/Kg. body weight and 2m1/Kg. body weight, respectively) for twenty consecutive days. Then the animals were killed after different periods of time (5, 10 and 20 days). The changes appeared to be time and/or dose dependent. Early signs of hepatic changes were characterized by hydropic degeneration, nuclear pyknosis, erosion of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels, vascular congestion and internal haemorrhage. Degenerative hepatic cells were seen invaded by inflammatory infiltrative cells. Maximum signs of deterioration were detected when 2m1/Kg. body weight was given. The first dose of methanol (1m1/Kg. body weight) caused depletion of liver glycogen, lipids, total proteins, proteins containing NH group, nucleic acids contents, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Also, it caused a significant elevation of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities. The second dose of methanol (2m1/Kg. body weight) showed stronger effects on the 10th and 20th days of administration.

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Construction of MIM Diodes Suitable for Use in FIR Generation By Mixing Two Carbon Dioxide Laser Beams

Construction of MIM Diodes Suitable for Use in FIR Generation By Mixing Two Carbon Dioxide Laser Beams

Mohammad Abu-Taha

Physics Department, College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds Univ., Jerusalem, Palestine

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) diodes have been constructed with a tungsten whisker making contact with different post materials such as nickle, brass, carbon, stainless steel, aluminum and tungsten. The 1-V characteristics of these diodes have been studied. It was found that 2 mm section cut from a shaving blade held against a polished carbon post showed similar I-V characteristics to the previous diodes. Resistances of these diodes were found to vary between 0.1-1k The use of MIM diodes for CO2 laser mixing is briefly discussed.

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Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Solving the Hydraulics of Pressurized Irrigation Pipe Networks

Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Solving the Hydraulics of Pressurized Irrigation Pipe Networks

Numan Mizyed

Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. Univ., Nablus, Palestine.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis for three techniques in analyzing the hydraulics of pressurized irrigation systems: Linear Theory, Newton Raphson, and Iterative Distal Outlet. It was found that the iterative distal outlet method uses less computer time and memory than Newton Raphson and Linear theory methods in analyzing the hydraulics of pressurized irrigation systems. The study shows that using an approximate initial solution for such systems, which can be obtained using Wu-Gitlin approach, will significantly improve the convergence rate of this iterative method as well as the other methods.

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The Effect of Monensin, Lasalocid and a Monensin/Lasalocid Rotation of Fungal Population in the Rumen of Concentrate and Roughage Fed Steers

The Effect of Monensin, Lasalocid and a Monensin/Lasalocid Rotation of Fungal Population in the Rumen of Concentrate and Roughage Fed Steers

Jamal Abo-Omar

Assistant Professor, Dept of Animal Production, An-Najah N. University, Nablus

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Two studies using three ruminally cannulated beef steers in the first one fed a roughage diet (98% chopped alfalfa at maintenance) and 12 beef steers in the second fed limited ration (85% adlib intake) composed of 90% concentrate diet (80% cracked corn, 10% soybean meal), and 10% chopped alfalfa were allotted to treatment groups receiving a supplement of either monensin / tylan (m27.5 ppm / 11 ppm), lasalocid (33 ppm) or a daily rotation of the two ionophores to examine the effect of the ionophores on rumen population of anaerobic fungi over time and the relationship between fungal numbers and methane production. In the first study, nylon bags containing leaf blades of 5mm length were incubated for 24 hrs in the rumen. Samples were counted on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 28 Fungi sporangia on blades were counted microscopically (00x). Study 2, steers were assigned as above and after methane production was measured using indirect respiration calorimetry, samples of rumen contents were collected by stomach tube pretreatment, and on days 2, S, 16, and 45 after initiation of ionophore treatments. Differences of fungi numbers over time and between treatments were not significant, yet, there was a trend of initial ionophore inhibition on fungi with limited evidence of adaptation over time there was a positive correlation (P <>

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Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques

Evaluation of the Stiffness Matrix of an Indeterminate Truss Using Minimization Techniques

Samir H. Helou

Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

For an existing reinforced concrete or steel structure the evaluation of the stiffness matrix may be hampered by certain physical limitations such as material deterioration resulting from prolonged use an adverse or in a corrosive environment. The following is a method that allows the determination of the member stiffness of an indeterminate truss through a minimization technique of a properly constructed Error Function. Thus exact sectional and material properties do not have to be known a priori.

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Stoichiometry, Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of L-Cysteine by Hexacyanoferrate (III) in Acidic Media

Stoichiometry, Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of L-Cysteine by Hexacyanoferrate (III) in Acidic Media

Rajab Abu El-Hallow, Mohammad M. Al-Subu, Hani M. Abed, Waheed J. Jondi

1 Associate Prof. Dept. of Chemistry An Najah N. University, Nablus, 2 Associate Prof. Dept. of Chemistry An Najah N. University, Nablus, 3 Martyr 1992, 4 Assist. Prof. Dept. of Chemistry, An-Najah N. University. Nablus.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The Stoichiometry, kinetics, and mechanism of oxidation of L-cysteine by hexacyanoferrate (III) in acidic media at constant ionic strength have been studied spectrophotometrically. A1:1 L-cysteine:hexacyanoferrate (III) has been established with 1..-cysteine as the only product. The reaction is zero order in hexacyanoferrate (III), first order in L-cysteine and inverse first in hydrogen ion concentration. The activation parameters were evaluated in the temperature range 15-40°C (Ea.# = 28.2 kJ/mol. ?S# = -192.4 J/mol. deg). The oxidation was inhibited in the presence of added hexacyanoferrate (II). The effects of other added salts and composition of the solvent have been rationalized. Two mechanisms are offered to explain the kinetic data.

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The Electronic Structure of Gax In 1-x As and InASx P1-x Using the Recursion Method

The Electronic Structure of Gax In 1-x As and InASx P1-x Using the Recursion Method

Mousa Al- Hasan

Department of Physics, An-Najah N. University, presented at the second conference on Physics of condensed Matter, Amman, 20-24 March, 1989 and updated 1993.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The calculation of the electronic structure of Gax In 1-x As and In Asx P1-x alloys using the recursion method is reported. A five-orbitals, sp3s*, per atom model is used in the tight-binding representation of the Hamiltonian. The local density of states is calculated for Ca, In, As and P-sites in a cluster of 216 atoms. The results are in good agreement with other calculations.

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Short Communication: The Mechanism of 1- Octene Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction Catalysed by Ru3(CO)12

Short Communication: The Mechanism of 1- Octene Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction Catalysed by Ru3(CO)12

Hikmat S. Hilal, Waheed Jondi, Shukri Khalaf

1, 2, 3 Chemistry Department, An-Najah N., University, Nablus, West-Bank

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of terminal olefins have been reported under thermal and photochemical conditions using Ru3 (C0) 12, 1, and HRu3 (CO)!!, 2,11 '0 In a very recent work, we reported E LI that 1 catalyses both Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of 1-octene (eq. 1). It has been found that the isomerization reaction occurs via lower nuclearity catalytic species that result from fragmentation of the mother cluster 1. Evidence in favour of concurrent cluster catalysis was also reported. On the other hand, the hydrosilylation reaction occurred via cluster catalysis at first and after some-time fragment catalysis occurred.

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Visceral Organ Mass of Lambs Fed Four Roughage Diets

J. M. Abo Omar, K. Johnson, D. Johnson

1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, West-Bank; 2 -3 Present Address: Colorado State University, Fort Conks, Co 30523

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Twenty-eight lambs averaging 45 kg live weight were divided among four roughage dietary treatment : grass hay, corn silage, alfalfa and oat hay. The diets contained a minimum of 12% crude protein and provided 10% over the required energy for maintenance. Lambs were fed twice a day (0800 and 1700) for 28 days. Animals were weighed at 10-d intervals at 0700 prior to being fed that morning. At the end of the feeding period the lambs were slaughtered and the weights of fat-free gastrointestinal tract segments, their content and other organs were taken and expressed as g/kg of empty body weight (EBW) Sampled of the rumen and small intestine were separated into mucosa] and nonmucosal (serosal) fractions. No single forage diet consistently increased the weights of all visceral organs. However, lambs fed the 70% alfalfa hay has 12% heavier liver and lung weights (p < .05) compared to lambs receiving other treatments and 11% heavier small intestine weights compared to the oat and silage diets. The grass hay diets resulted in lambs with 55% heavier cecum dry weights (P < . 05) compared to other roughage sources . Lambs fed silage diets had 7% heavier rumen mucosa (wet and dry) weights . The roughage source had no effect on total rumen, omasum, large intestine and total tract weights or contents.

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Visceral Organ Mass of Lambs Fed Four Roughage Diets

Visceral Organ Mass of Lambs Fed Four Roughage Diets

J. M. Abo Omar, K. Johnson, D. Johnson

1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, West-Bank; 2 -3 Present Address: Colorado State University, Fort Conks, Co 30523

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Twenty-eight lambs averaging 45 kg live weight were divided among four roughage dietary treatment : grass hay, corn silage, alfalfa and oat hay. The diets contained a minimum of 12% crude protein and provided 10% over the required energy for maintenance. Lambs were fed twice a day (0800 and 1700) for 28 days. Animals were weighed at 10-d intervals at 0700 prior to being fed that morning. At the end of the feeding period the lambs were slaughtered and the weights of fat-free gastrointestinal tract segments, their content and other organs were taken and expressed as g/kg of empty body weight (EBW) Sampled of the rumen and small intestine were separated into mucosa] and nonmucosal (serosal) fractions. No single forage diet consistently increased the weights of all visceral organs. However, lambs fed the 70% alfalfa hay has 12% heavier liver and lung weights (p < .05) compared to lambs receiving other treatments and 11% heavier small intestine weights compared to the oat and silage diets. The grass hay diets resulted in lambs with 55% heavier cecum dry weights (P < . 05) compared to other roughage sources . Lambs fed silage diets had 7% heavier rumen mucosa (wet and dry) weights . The roughage source had no effect on total rumen, omasum, large intestine and total tract weights or contents.

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A Study of a Flexible Submerged Cylindrical Tank Subject to Lateral Ground Excitation

A Study of a Flexible Submerged Cylindrical Tank Subject to Lateral Ground Excitation

Amin H. Helou

1 Engineering Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, West-Bank

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

In a submerged rigid oil storage tank it is possible to evaluate the internal and external hydrodynamic forces separately. Internally the forces are due to internal waves generated at the oil-water interface. Externally, they are due to radiated waves. When such a tank is made of steel, at it is usually the case, the internal and external forces get coupled through the flexibility of the shell, hence their solutions become inseparable. The following is an analytical treatment for the case of a flexible tank it expands the solution of the rigid tank to include the shell flexibility effect. The submerged tank is assumed to be subject to a harmonic lateral ground excitation.

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An X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Examination of Glasses from the Se-S Alloy System

An X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Examination of Glasses from the Se-S Alloy System

G. M. Saffarini, B. R. Orton

1 Physics Department, An-Najah National University; 2 Physics Department, Brunel University, U.K.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

Mixtures of sulphur and selenium have been prepared in the form of bulk glasses over the composition range Se, 10, to 50 at % S. X-ray diffraction measurements on these alloys give structure factors which have first sharp diffraction peaks (FSDP) indicating medium as well as short range order. To investigate possible local order, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements have been obtained on these glasses. The emphasis of the measurements has concentrated on two features, (a) the valence band, which depends on the over-all density of states and (b) the plasmon energies from the 1,31v14.5Mos selenium Auger peaks which may be looked upon as being determined by the local electron density about the selenium atoms. It is found that the s-type peaks of the valence band split into two components between 15 and 40 at % S while the p-type peaks remain similar to pure selenium. The plasmon energies from the Auger peaks change markedly with composition. As sulphur is added to selenium the plasmon energy decreases, compared with the pure element, but sluts to increase at 20 at % S so that at a composition of 40 at % S the plasmon energy is the same as that of elemental selenium. A simple model is proposed to explain these results.

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Triangular Fuzzy Metric

Triangular Fuzzy Metric

Mohammad A. Mahmoud Al-Amleh

1 Mathematics Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus-West Bank

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

This paper presents a new method to rank triangular fuzzy numbers as well as a new metric (triangular fuzzy metric) on the set of fuzzy points. This metric can be used in both studying fuzzy topological spaces and decision-making theory.

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Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt (II) by Iron (III) in the Presence of 1,10 Phenanthrolineh

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt (II) by Iron (III) in the Presence of 1,10 Phenanthroline

Bassem F. Shraydeh

1 Chemistry Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus-West Bank.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of cobalt (II) by iron (III) in the presence of 1, 10 phenanthroline has been investigated spectrophotometrically. Hydrogen ions exhibited an inhibitory effect on the rate of the reaction while 1,10 phenanthroline showed an accelerating effect The order with respect to iron (III) was found to be unity. On the other hand, the order with respect to cobalt varies with its concentration being 0.3+ 0.004 at high concentration and 0.791-0.019 at low concentrations. A plausible mechanism was postulated and a rate law was derived that accounted for the various experimental results obtained.

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Polymerization of 4-Methylpentene -1- by the MgCl2|Eb|TiCl4|Al(iBu)3 Catalyst System 1. Kinetic Investigations

Polymerization of 4-Methylpentene -1- by the MgCl2|Eb|TiCl4|Al(iBu)3 Catalyst System 1. Kinetic Investigations

M. A. Abu-Eid, P. J. Tait

1 Chemistry Department, An-Najah N. University, Nablus-Want Bank; 2 UMIST, Chemistry Department, Sackville Street Manchester, U.K.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The kinetics of the polymerization of 4-methylpentcne-1- with the MgC12|EB|Ticl4|Al(iBu)3 catalyst systems have been investigated. The conditions and requirements to achieve the highest activity and stereospecificity of the MgC12-supported catalyst systems were discussed. Moreover, the role of aluminum alkyl and ethyl benzoate on the activity and stereo-regularity of the polymers have been reported.

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Quality of Underground Water in the West Bank and its Suitability for Irrigation

Quality of Underground Water in the West Bank and its Suitability for Irrigation

M. S. Ali Shtayeh, Nihayeh Abu Hijleh

Biology Department, An-Najah N., University, Nablus, West-Bank

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Chemical analysis was carried out on underground water samples taken from 192 wells, distributed throughout the West Bank of Jordan. The samples were collected twice; in 1982 and 1987. Water samples were classified on the basis of their salinity, sodium concentration, salinity hazard - sodium hazard, and suitability for irrigation. Water samples from different wells in different localities differed largely in their qualities. The results also showed a decline with time in water quality in the samples examined, especially in Jericho and the Jordan valley. The implications of the results on agriculture in the West Bank are also discussed.

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Short Communication: The Effect of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Salvia Fruticosa on Intestinal Motility

Short Communication: The Effect of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Salvia Fruticosa on Intestinal Motility

Suleiman Al-Khalil, Saadeh Suleiman, Abdul-Salam Abdul Ghani, Riyad Amin

This paper was presented (inpart) In International Congress of Natural Products, Thailand, Bangkok, Dec. 1987. *Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, An-Najah National University-Nablus.; A Biology Department, An-Najah National University -Nablus. ?Biol

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The effect of organic (methanol and ether) extracts, and aqueous (neutral). Acidic and basic) extracts from the leaves of Salvia fruticosa, on the spontaneous contractile activity of the rabbit ileum was studied. Both Organic extracts were found to inhibit the spontaneous activity of the rabbit ileum, and inhibit acetylcholine — induced contractions. On the other hand aqueous extracts did not show any effect. The effects of a series of organic solvent extracts on the ileum were studied.

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Polarographic Study of Some Arylidene-2-Pyridylhydrazones

Polarographic Study of Some Arylidene-2-Pyridylhydrazones

Ali Z. Abu-Zuhri, Mohammed A. Al-Nuri, Mohammed A. Hannoun, and Jamal S. Shalabi

Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE; This work is taken from the M. Sc. Thesis of Jamal S. Shalabi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University - Nablus.

Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000

Language: English

Abstract

The polarographic behaviors of some arylidene-2-pyridyl hydrazones have been studied in aqueous Britton - Robinson buffer solution containing 40% ethanol using DC polarographic technique. In the pH range 1.9 - 6.4 the observed single irreversible 4 - electron reduction wave is attributed to the splitting of the N - N bond and saturation of C = N centre. All compounds studied are polarographically inactive in alkaline medium. The effect of pH on the limiting current and E 112 as well as the reduction mechanism and the effect of substituent's are discussed and compared with similar compounds. The kinetic parameters of the electrode reaction have been calculated.

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