Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank |
| Ayed Salama, Osama Aljoaba |
| ayedg@Hebron.edu |
| Department of Animal Production. Faculty of Agriculture. Hebron University. Hebron. Palestine |
| Received : 09-05-2007 , Accepted : 28-02-2008 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The influence of excluding grazing on range vegetation attributes was studied at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank. Vegetation attributes were compared at a grazed plot and an ungrazed plot in the years 2004 and 2005. Results showed that plant density in the excluding grazing area was (518.9 Plants m-2) higher (p <0.05)> |
|
 |
| Full Text |
|
Monday, January 18, 2010
Influence of Excluding Grazing on Vegetation Attributes at the Eastern Slopes of West Bank
The New Patterns of the Israeli Road Measures and their Impact on the Palestinian Transport Sector
The New Patterns of the Israeli Road Measures and their Impact on the Palestinian Transport Sector |
| Khaled Al-Sahili |
| alsahili@yahoo.com |
| Received : 26-11-2006 , Accepted : 29-05-2007 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The Israeli authorities imposed several measures and restrictions on movement of people and goods within the Palestinian road network since the eruption of the Palestinian uprising in September 2000. This study aims to analyze these patterns and their impact on the transportation sector in the West Bank, to provide scientific documentation of these measures, and to assist the Palestinian decision makers. The severity and number of these measures fluctuated from time to time and from location to another. There was a decline in the number of certain measures (earth mounds/walls and trenches) and an increase in road blocks and gates. These measures targeted particular locations in the West Bank, and aimed at dividing it into geographical zones; north, middle, and south, in addition to the Jordan Valley. The imposed road measures had a severe impact on the transportation sector in terms of cost, time, distance, quality of service, physical damages to the road network, and the condition of road pavement. The study concluded that the Israeli authorities institutionalized these measures at the cost of the Palestinian lands and the suffering of the Palestinian travelers. This has lead to a decline in the Palestinian economic competitiveness. The study recommends conducting a comprehensive study at the Palestinian official level about the patterns and institutionalization of these measures, so as to document these measures and impacts and to take the necessary countermeasures, as much as possible. |
|
|
| Full Text |
Simplified M-E Approach for the Design of Flexible Pavement Structures
Simplified M-E Approach for the Design of Flexible Pavement Structures |
| Osama Abaza |
| almabaza@hotmail.com |
| Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 13-05-2006 , Accepted : 04-04-2007 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This paper presents a simplified design procedure, which depends mainly on finite elements analysis considering the same input variables used in the traditional AASHTO empirical design methodology. The multiple regression equation developed considered the subgrade resilient modulus (Mr), Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) repetitions, and the dynamic behavior of flexible pavements by incorporating vehicle speed. The outputs of this model are given in terms of structural number (SN) making it easier for the designer to deal with the various pavement thickness as per the traditional AASHTO procedure. Based on the model developed for static loading, SN values were approximately -6 to 7 percent compared to those of AASHTO design methodology depending on number of 18 kips single axle load repetitions. In the analysis of the dynamic behavior of pavements, SN dropped up to 30 percent for the practical design speeds that could be considered for pavement design purposes. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine
Management of Olive-Mills Wastewater in Palestine |
| Hafez Shaheen, Riyad Abdel Karim |
| shaheen@najah.edu |
| Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 23-10-2004 , Accepted : 29-05-2007 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Different treatment technologies are reported to have been applied for treating olive-mills wastewater (OMW). Among these are the anaerobic combined with aerobic, forced evaporation, chemical, and biological treatment methods. The reuse of the solid residue of olive-mills is reported, among others, as burning material or as filtering media. This paper evaluates the treatment options of the OMW generated in Palestine. It elaborates on the different treatment and management alternatives and examines their effectiveness. A sample of 20 Mills has been surveyed in the Nablus-Tulkarem region and their wastewater quantities and characteristics are presented. Centralized treatment and disposal plants for OMW are recommended as a practical option for Palestine. Oil-extraction process modifications in combination with forced evaporation are recommended as the most appropriate management and treatment option. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network
Developing Pavement Performance Functions for Palestinian Roadway Network |
| Osama Abaza*, Lana Shahein** |
| almabaza@hotmail.com |
| * Civil Engineering Department, An-Najah National University. **Engineer. Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 20-03-2006 , Accepted : 04-04-2007 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The measurement and prediction of pavement performance condition is an essential component of any pavement management system. In this paper, performance evaluation method for Palestinian roadways was developed. Estimation of the flexible pavement performance life for maintenance and rehabilitation was presented. Data for model development was collected based on the pavement evaluation methods issued by the World Bank for developing countries. The performance model developed in this paper was based on evaluation of various deterministic and probabilistic models using surveyed data for arterials and village access roads in Palestine. The pavement performance models were developed based on calibration of surveyed pavement condition rating index using logistic growth model, and applying regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the logistic growth model performed well in fitting the calibrated data for the different roadways considered in this study and the Markov model fitted well for the overlaid arterials. The reconstructed arterial roadway system had longer average performance life than the overlaid arterials. Village access roadway system showed the same behavior. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
|
On the Size of Blocking Sets in ?+(12,q)
On the Size of Blocking Sets in ?+(12,q) |
| Abdelsalam Abou Zayda |
| zayda8@hotmail.com |
| Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, Palestine. |
| Received : 07-03-2006 , Accepted : 28-01-2007 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Considering half-spin geometry of type D6,6(F), we investigate the size of substructures of the geometry called blocking sets. We give an upper bound on size of blocking sets. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Effect of Scarification, Gibberellic acid and Stratification on Seed Germination of Three Pistacia Species
Effect of Scarification, Gibberellic acid and Stratification on Seed Germination of Three Pistacia Species |
| Hassan Abu-Qaoud |
| hassan@najah.edu |
| Department of Plant Production & Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 28-01-2007 , Accepted : 11-09-2005 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Germinability of P. atlantica Desf., P. palaestina (Bioss) Post. and P. lentiscus L. seeds as influenced by various treatments was investigated. This included four treatments: Acid scarification for 15 minutes, soaking of acid scarified seeds in 1000 ppm GA3 for 24 hours, stratification of seeds at 5Co for 30 days and control (untreated seeds). Significantly, the highest germination (60%) was obtained for P. palaestina acid scarified plus cold stratified seeds over the control of the three Pistacia species (15, 10, 0%), this percentage (60) was on the same level of significance with the other Pistacia species. Scarifies seeds of P. lentiscus resulted in 13.3% germination, scarified plus GA3 soak of P. lentiscus and P. atlantica Desf. (34, 39.9%), and scarified plus cold stratified P. lentiscus (32%) seeds. Early seed germination was obtained with seeds of P. lentiscus after one week of incubation with scarified plus GA3 (6%) and scarified seeds of P. palaestina (5%), other treated seeds of the three species started germination after two weeks. P. palaestina seeds continued with the highest germination percentage thereafter. Significantly, the longest mean time to complete germination (MTG) was obtained from the control of the three Pistacia species (27.94, 24.50, 30. 04), Scarified P. atlantica (25.84), and scarified plus GA3 soak of P. atlantica (26.25) as compared with the other treatments for the three Pistacia species which were all in the same level of significance. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
|
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)